Process for producing an improved lubricating oil



PATENT OFFICE v I 2,170,884 i'nocsss Foa raonucrxe AN nuraovsn j wnmcs'rmc on.

John- G. Butz, Philadelphia, and Leonard N.

Leum, Lansdowne, Pa., assignors to The Atlantic Refining Company, Philad I corporation of Pennsylvania,

elphia, Pa, a

No Drawing. Application September 23, 1937,

' Serial No. 165,312

7 Claims. (or. 106-147) The present invention relates to the treatment of lubricating oils, and relates more particularly to the improvement of properties such as color, viscosity-temperature susceptibility and film strength of lubricating oils.

In accordance with the present invention, lu-' bricatlng oil stocks, particularly those derived from petroleum distillatesor residuums, are treated with phosphorus sulfo-chloride, PSCla, preferably in the presence of an age@ such as AlCla, FeCla, Zl'iClz, SnCh or BF3. Such treatments may be carried on at atmospheric or higher temperatures, and preferably at temperatures of from about 100 C. to about 200 C. The quantity and the admixture heated, with agitation, to about 100 C., for a period 01' about 5 hours. The treated oil was then cooled and separated from any insoluble reaction products; i. e., sludge, and the oil was thereafter washed with water and sodium hydroxide solution and dried by air blowing. The properties of the initial oil stock and the oils treated with varying amounts of reagents, are shown in the following table. The 10 viscosity index was determined in accordance with the method of Dean & Davis (Chemical & Metallurgical Engineering, vol. 36, page 618),

of PSClz, and of an agent such as, for example, While the film Strength was eterminefi in an A1013, employed, may each be of the order of from Almen extreme pressure lubncapt testmg about 1% to 10% or more, by weight, based upon chine operated at 200 T f' the quantity oioil treated. For'example, the ratio, indicated are pou r qmprol bearing of P801: to A101: to an oil may be 2:2:100; area sustained before failure of the test bearing.

Table I Reagents weight, percent 4 Color Viscosity (B. U.) viscosity .stggnzh Yield I IbSJs. iii. 2 Psch A101: N.P.A. 0.1). 100 F. 210 F. 5

Seconds Second: Per cent 0.0 0.0 8 170 047 71.0 0s 0.000 s. 1 7. 7 1. 5 4 451 1 02. 7 105 22,000+ 4.5 7.7 1.5 4 4:41 61.7 100 21.000 80 4.5 3.8 2. 0 s 544 07.0 100 10,000 92 3 2.0 -'7.7 1.0 1 452 03.2 107 14,000 0.0 7.7 1.25 2 403 03.4 7.000 84 8.1 0.0 0.25 053 72.4 00 12,000 07 2:5:100; 5:4:100; 5:8:100; 8:8:100; or 10:10:100, It will be seen from the above examples, that depending upon the nature of the oil to be treated while treatment with PSCla alone improves the and upon the qualities desired of the lubricant. In general, the higher the percentage of P801:

. employed,,the greater will be the film strength or load-bearing capacity of the treated oil, and the higher thepercentage of an agent such as AlCla, the greater willbe the improvement in vicwith-llttle change in color -or viscosity index. However, by utilizing P801: and an active metallic halide, higher film strength may be obtained than with PSCI: alone, and, in addition, the color and viscosity index are markedly improved.

Our invention may be further illustrated by the following exampl'es,'in which a lubricating oil distillate was admixed with PSCh and AlCla.

' insoluble reaction products therefrom, washing film strength of the oil, and that treatment with 'AlClz alone improves the color and viscosity in- .produces not only color and viscosity index improvement but a marked increase in fllm strength over that obtained with PSCls alone.

In the following examples, in which our process is applied to a variety of oilstocks, the treatment consists essentially in mixing 100 parts by weight of oil with 5 parts by'weight of PSCl: and 6.2 parts by weight of AlClaheating the mixture, with agitation, to about 100 C. for about 5 hours, cooling the mixture and separating any the treated oil with water and with 10% sodium hydroxide solution, and finally air drying the treated oil. The properties of the untreated oil stocks and the products resulting from the treatment thereof are shown in Table II.

have shown the application of ourprocess in the treatment of hydrocarbon lubricating oils. Such treated oils may be employed, per se, as lubri cants, or may be admixed in any desired proportion with other hydrocarbon oils, fatty oils, sulfurized or chlorinated oils, esters, metal soaps, greases and the like. However, in accordance with our invention we may also treat a mixture of hydrocarbon oil and a fatty oil, for example, lard oil, castor oil, sperm oil, cotton seedoil or the like, when it is desirable to provide a lubricant containing fatty oil compounds. Or, al' ternatively, we may treat a fatty oil with PSCla, or P801: and an active metallic halide such as AlCl3, and thereafter add such treated fatty oil to a' hydrocarbon lubricating oil which may have duced by hydrogenation; oils produced by crack- 4 ing; and oils produced by various synthetic or a group consisting of A1013. FeCla, ZnClz, SnCh' polymerization methods.

What we claim is:

1. A process for producing an improved lubri- I eating oil which comprises treating hydrocarbon oil-containing lubricating 011 components with a reagent comprising PSCl: at a temperature of from substantially atmospheric to about 2009 C., and -separating from the treated oil any insoluble reaction products resulting from such treatment.

2. A process for producing an improved lubrieating oil which comprises treating hydrocarbon oil containing lubricating oil components with PS0]: and an active metallic halide from the '3 Table II A c 1 v I W W Va it Fil 0 or cos y m on 0. D. index strength Ymd Solvent extracted 8. A. E. 30 motor oil (un- Seconds Second: Per mat treated) 13.5 379 55. 2 80 4, 000 Same, treated with P801; and A101; Colorless 209 47. 1 98 22, 000+ 89 Solvent extract iractionirom S. A. E. 30

motor oil (untreated) 670 491 51. 2 -16 3, 000 Same, treated with P801; and A101; 56 314 49. 0 49 22, 000+ 60 Solvent extracted residuum from East Texas crude (untreated) 317 2, 547 144.0 88 4,000

Same, treated with PS0]; and A101. 1, 655 108.2 88 22, 000+ 85 Lubricating oil distillate from East Texas crude (untreated) 290) 942 68. 5 33 3, 000 Same, treated with PS0]: and A101, 29 516 58. 6 64 22, 000+ Residuum from East Texas crude (untreated) 10, 650 5, 368 177.2 55 9, 000 Same, treated with P801; and A101 292 3, 065 132. 6 59 22. 000+ In the foregoing description and examples we and BF; at a temperature of from substantially atmospheric to about 200 C., and separating from the treated oil any insoluble reaction products resulting from such treatment.

3. A process for producing an improved lubricating oil which comprises treating hydrocarbon oil containing lubricating oil components with PSCls and AlCls at a temperature of from substantially atmospheric to about 290 C., and separating from the treated oil any insoluble reaction products resulting from such treatment.

4. A process for producing an improved lubricating oil which comprises treating hydrocarbon oil containing lubricating oil components with PSC]: and A101: at a temperature of irom about C. to about 200 C., and separating from the treated oil any insoluble reaction products re-' sulting from such treatment.

- 5. A process for producing an improved lubrieating oil which comprises treating hydrocarbon oil containing lubricating oil components with a mixture of about 1% to about 10% by weight-of P501: and about 1% to about 10% by weight of A101: at a temperature of from substantially atmospheric to about 200 C., and freeing the treated oil of undesirable reaction products re-' sulting from such treatment.

g 6. In a process for producing an improved lubricating oil, the step which comprises subjecting a lubricating oil to the action of a reagent comprising PSCl: at a temperature of from sub:

stantially atmospheric to about 200 C.

7. In a process for producing an improved lubricating oil, the step which comprises subjecting a lubricating oil to the action of PSCh and A101: at a temperature of from substantially atmospheric to about 200- 0.

' JOHN G. BUTZ.

woman N. LEUM. I 

